Judicial branch why is it important

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment; shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.

No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. On October 23, , the United States Senate held one of the most-controversial votes on a Supreme Court nominee in its history,…. Depending on the type of litigation involved, the parties will be referred to one or another of these courts. Administrative tribunals also exist at both the provincial and federal levels.

They are not part of the judicial system as such, but play an important role in resolving administrative conflicts. The division of powers In Canada, we rely on a comprehensive judicial system. Senate confirms them. Many federal judges are appointed for life, which serves to ensure their independence and immunity from political pressure. Their removal is possible only through impeachment by the House of Representatives and conviction by the Senate. Since , the official number of Supreme Court justices has been set at nine.

Thirteen appellate courts, or U. Courts of Appeals, sit below the Supreme Court. Below that, 94 federal judicial districts are organized into 12 regional circuits, each of which has its own court of appeals.

Over the years, the Supreme Court has issued controversial verdicts in a number of milestone cases, including:. Sandford — The Court ruled that a slave was not a citizen, and that Congress could not outlaw slavery in U. Civil War. Arizona — The Court ruled that police must inform criminal suspects of their rights before questioning them. Connecticut protected by the 14th Amendment. Bush winning the election over Vice President Al Gore. The Judicial Branch, WhiteHouse.

But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The legislative branch of the federal government, composed primarily of the U. Its principal function is the supervision and administration of the lower courts throughout the Philippines and all their personnel.

It reports and recommends to the Supreme Court all actions that affect the lower court management. The OCA is headed by the court administrator, three deputy court administrators, and three assistant court administrators.

The Supreme Court has adopted and promulgated the Rules of Court for the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pleadings and practice and procedure in all courts, and the admission in the practice of law. Amendments are promulgated through the Committee on Revision of Rules. The Court also issues administrative rules and regulations in the form of court issuances posted on the Supreme Court E-Library website. Lourdes P. Read her biography from on website of the Supreme Court.

The position of chief justice was created in by virtue of the establishment of the Philippine Supreme Court. At the time, the chief justice was appointed by the President of the United States: the court was composed mainly of American citizens with a Filipino chief justice. There were six chief justices appointed by the President of the United States.

In , upon the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the power to appoint the chief justice was transferred to the President of the Philippines. According to the Constitution, the President of the Philippines shall make appointments with concurrence of the National Assembly. There have been six Chief Justices who were appointed under the Constitution. The only chief justice that was not appointed by a president was Chief Justice Jose Yulo, who was in office during the Japanese occupation, from until the liberation of the Philippines in The Constitution provided for the members of the Supreme Court and the chief justice to be appointed by the president with the concurrence of his cabinet.

Upon the declaration of martial law and the subsequent establishment of the Constitution, the process of selection of the Chief Justice of the Philippines was changed. The power of Congress to veto an appointment by the president to the office of the chief justice was removed. After the revolution of , a new constitution was enacted and a new process of selecting a chief magistrate was created.

Former chief justice and Constitutional Commission delegate Roberto V. Concepcion introduced the concept of the Judicial and Bar Council. The aim of the Council is to de-politicize the judiciary by lessening the appointing power of the president.

To read more about the appointment of chief justices, members of the judiciary, and the Office of the Ombudsman, please click here. To date, there have been nine chief justices appointed under the conditions of the Constitution. Of the 15 Presidents of the Philippines, only eight have been able to appoint an individual to the highest judicial post in the land.

The following is the list of presidents who appointed chief Jjstices and their appointees. Of the list of chief justices, there are a few individuals that stand out for having gone above and beyond their duty and tenure as chief justice. The Court of Appeals is the second highest tribunal in the country, which was established on February 1, by virtue of Commonwealth Act No.

The Court of Appeals shall also have the power to try cases and conduct hearings, receive evidence and perform acts necessary to resolve factual issues raised in cases falling within its original and appellate jurisdiction, including the power to grant and conduct new trials or proceedings.

The Court of Appeals is composed of one presiding justice and 68 associate justices, all of which are appointed by the President from a shortlist submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. The associate justices shall have precedence according to the dates or order, in case of similar appointment dates of their respective appointments. The qualifications for the justices of the Supreme Court also apply to members of the Court of Appeals.

The CTA is composed of one presiding justice and 8 associate justices, all of which are appointed by the President from a shortlist submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. To attain the highest norms of official conduct among officials and employees in the government, the creation of a special graft court to be known as the Sandiganbayan was provided for in Article XIII, Section 5 of the Constitution.

This court was formally established through Presidential Decree No. The current form of the Sandiganbayan was constituted through PD , s. In addition, the Sandiganbayan exercises exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions or orders or regional trial courts whether in the exercise of their own original jurisdiction or of their appellate jurisdiction as herein provided.

The Sandiganbayan also has exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of the writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, injunctions, and other ancillary writs and processes in aid of its appellate jurisdiction and over petitions of similar nature, including quo warranto, arising or that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed under Executive Order Nos.

In case private individuals are charged as co-principals, accomplices or accessories with the public officers or employees, including those employed in govemment-owned or controlled corporations, they shall be tried jointly with said public officers and employees in the proper courts which shall exercise exclusive jurisdiction over them.

The Sandiganbayan comprises of one presiding justice and 14 associate justices, all of which are appointed by the President from a shortlist submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council.